Neurofibromatosis

The Neurofibromatoses (NF) are a set of genetic disorders, which cause tumours to grow along various types of nerves and, in addition, can affect the development of non-nervous tissue such as bones and skin. NF causes tumours to grow anywhere on or in the body. It also leads to developmental abnormalities. For example, individuals with NF have a higher incidence of learning disabilities.

Neurofibromatosis (NF) has been classified into two distinct types. Neuro-fibromatosis 1 (NF1) is characterised by multiple café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas on or under the skin. Enlargement and deformation of bones and curvature of the spine (scoliosis) may also occur. Occasionally, tumours may develop in the brain, on cranial nerves, or on the spinal cord. About 50% of people with NF also have learning disabilities. Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is much more rare. It is characterised by multiple tumours on the cranial and spinal nerves, and by other lesions of the brain and spinal cord. Tumours affecting both of the auditory nerves are the hallmark. Hearing loss beginning in the teens or early twenties is generally the first symptom.

Neurofibromatosis Association UK